Ulaanbaatar Hotiin Odor
The anniversary of the founding of Ulaanbaatar in 1639, when the nomadic encampment of Urga was established as the seat of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (the spiritual head of Mongolian Buddhism). The day is observed with concerts, sports events, and the reminder that Ulaanbaatar is one of the coldest capitals in the world (the average temperature in January is minus 25 degrees Celsius). The city has grown from a nomadic encampment to a metropolis of 1.5 million people (half the population of Mongolia), and the day is both celebration and reflection on the challenges of rapid urbanization.